Quando o assunto é tecnologia uma coisa é certa: você vai se deparar com muita documentação em inglês (considerado o idioma universal) e com uma quantidade de termos, siglas e abreviaturas quase que interminável. É bem possível que a tecnologia seja um dos segmentos do mercado com a maior presença de termos e siglas e você pode até entender o porquê desta minha afirmação conferindo o post em que apresento a história da Internet (uma linha do tempo sobre a origem e evolução da maior revolução tecnológica do mundo).

Neste post trago uma lista extensa de muitos termos tecnológicos, alguns mais populares, outros mais específicos, de áreas como as redes de computadores, teleprocessamento, programação, banco de dados, segurança, cloud e informática básica.

1. Protocolos, tecnologias e conceitos de Redes e Internet / Infraestrutura

– AD – (Microsoft) Active Directory
– ADFS – (Microsoft) Active Directory Federation Services
– APIPA – Automatic Private IP Addressing
– ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
– AMQP – Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
– BGP – Border Gateway Protocol
– CDP – Cisco Discovery Protocol
– CGNAT – Carrier Grade Network Address Translation
– CIFS – Common Internet File System
– CIDR – Classless Inter-Domain Routing
– CSMA/CA – Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (Ethernet)
– CSMA/CD – Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (Ethernet)
– CORS – Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
– DCCP – Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
– DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
– DMZ – DeMilitarized Zone
– DNS – Domain Name System
– DNSSEC – Domain Name System Security Extensions
– FTP – File Transfer Protocol
– SFTP – SSH File Transfer Protocol
– FQDN – Fully Qualified Domain Name
– HA – High Availability
– HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
– HTTPS – Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
– ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
– IEEE 802.1Q – IEEE Standard for Virtual LANs (VLANs)
– IEEE 802.1X – IEEE Standard for Port-based Network Access Control
– IEEE 802.3 – IEEE Standard for Ethernet
– IEEE 802.11 – IEEE Standard for WLAN (Wireless LAN)
– IGMP – Internet Group Management Protocol
– IMAP – Internet Message Access Protocol
– IP – Internet Protocol
– IPv4, IPv6 – Internet Protocol version 4 e version 6
– LAN – Local Area Network
– LDAP – Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
– LLC – Logical Link Control
– LLDP – Link Layer Discovery Protocol
– MAC – Media Access Control
– MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
– MPLS – Multiprotocol Label Switching
– MSTP – Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
– NAT – Network Address Translation
– NIC – Network Interface Card
– NMS – Network Management System
– NTP – Network Time Protocol
– OSPF – Open Shortest Path First
– OUI – Organizational Unique Identifier
– PAN – Personal Area Network
– PAT – Port Address Translation
– P2P – Peer-to-Peer
– PDU – Protocol Data Unit
– PoE – Power over Ethernet
– POP – Post Office Protocol
– PXE – Preboot eXecution Environment
– QoS – Quality of Service
– RARP – Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
– RDP – Remote Desktop Protocol
– RDS – Remote Desktop Services
– REST – Representational State Transfer
– RIP – Routing Information Protocol
– RSTP – Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
– RSYNC – Remote Sync
– RTC – Real-Time Communication
– RTP – Real-Time Transport Protocol
– RTCP – RTP Transfer Control Protocol
– SDN – Software-Defined Network
– SD-WAN – Software-Defined Wide Area Network
– SCP – Secure Copy Protocol
– SCTP – Stream Control Transmission Protocol
– SIP – Session Initiation Protocol
– SMB – Server Message Block
– SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
– SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol
– SOAP – Simple Object Access Protocol
– SSH – Secure Shell
– SSL – Secure Sockets Layer
– STP – Spanning Tree Protocol
– TCP – Transmission Control Protocol
– TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
– TLS – Transport Layer Security
– UDP – User Datagram Protocol
– VM – Virtual Machine
– VLAN – Virtual Local Area Network
– VNC – Virtual Network Computing
– VoIP – Voice over Internet Protocol
– WAN – Wide Area Network
– WAP – Wireless Access Point
– Wi-Fi – Wireless Fidelity
– SSID – Service Set Identifier
– WiMAX – Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
– WLAN – Wireless LAN
– WMAN – Wireless MAN
– XMPP – Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

2. Tecnologias relacionadas a telefonia tradicional e redes móveis / celular

– 3G, 4G, 5G – Rede Móvel de terceira, quarta ou quinta geração
– CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access
– EDGE – Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
– E1 – European Telecommunications Standard Institute 1
– ERB – Estação Rádio Base
– FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access
– GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
– GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications
– HSDPA – High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
– HSPA – High Speed Packet Access
– HSUPA – High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
– IMEI – International Mobile Equipment Identity
– ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network
– LTE – Long-Term Evolution
– MMS – Multimedia Messaging Service
– OTA – Over-The-Air
– PBX – Private Branch Exchange
– PIN – Personal Identification Number
– PPP – Point-to-Point Protocol
– PPPoA – Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM
– PPPoE – Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
– PSTN – Public Switched Telephone Network
– SIM (Card) – Subscriber Identity Module
– SMS – Short Message Service
– SDR – Software-Defined Radio
– TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access
– UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
– VoLTE – Voice over LTE

3. Tipos de cabeamento, interfaces de conexão e tecnologias de transmissão relacionadas

– ADSL – Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
– ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode
– BNC – Bayonet Neill-Concelman
– CAT6 / CAT7 (Cable) – Category 6 or 7
– DLNA – Digital Living Network Alliance
– DSL – Digital Subscriber Line
– DVI – Digital Visual Interface
– FDDI – Fiber Distributed Data Interface
– FOC – Fiber Optic Cable / Components
– FR – Frame Relay
– GPU – Graphics Processing Unit
– HDMI – High-Definition Multimedia Interface
– HPC – High Performance Computing
– MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output
– NFC – Near Field Communication
– NVMe – Non-Volatile Memory Express
– RF – Radio Frequency
– RJ11 – Registered Jack 11
– RJ45 – Registered Jack 45
– RS-232 – Recommended Standard 232
– SD (Card) – Secure Digital
– SDH – Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
– SONET – Synchronous Optical Networking
– USB – Universal Serial Bus
– UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair
– STP – Shielded Twisted Pair
– VGA – Video Graphics Array
– VDSL – Very High Bitrate Digital Subscriber Line

4. Tecnologias e conceitos relacionadas a Cloud e DevOps

– AD – Availability Domain
– AWS – Amazon Web Services
– BM / BMS – Bare Metal / Bare Metal Server
– CC – Cloud Computing
– CDN – Content Delivery Network
– CDN – Content Distribution Network
– CI/CD – Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment
– GCP – Google Cloud Platform
– HaaS – Hardware as a Service
– IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
– CaaS – Containers as a Service
– IoT – Internet of Things
– ISP – Internet Service Provider
– LB – Load Balance
– LXC – Linux Containers
– OCI – Oracle Cloud Infrastructure
– OnP – On-Premise
– PaaS – Platform as a Service
– SaaS – Software as a Service
– RPO – Recovery Point Objective
– RTO – Recovery Time Objective
– TCO – Total Costs of Ownership
– URI – Uniform Resource Identifier
– URL – Uniform Resource Locator
– UTM – Unified Threat Management
– NGFW – Next-Generation Firewall
– VDI – Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
– WEBM – Web-Based Enterprise Management

5. Tecnologias e conceitos relacionadas a Segurança Cibernética / SecOps

– AAA – Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
– 2FA – Two-Factor Authentication
– MFA – Multi-Factor Authentication
– ACL – Access Control List
– AES – Advanced Encryption Standard (criptografia simétrica)
– CAPTCHA – Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart
– CSRF – Cross-Site Request Forgery
– CVE – Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
– DDoS – Distributed Denial of Service
– DLP – Data Loss Prevention
– DoS – Denial of Service
– DRM – Digital Rights Management
– DMTF – Distributed Management Taskforce
– EDR – Endpoint Detection and Response
– XDR – eXtended Detection and Response
– ECDSA – Eliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
– FIDO – Fast IDentity Online
– HSM – Hardware Security Module
– IDS – Intrusion Detection System
– IPS – Intrusion Prevention System
– HIDS / HIPS – Host Intrusion / Prevention System
– NIDS / NIPS – Network Intrusion Detection / Prevention System
– IPSec – Internet Protocol Security
– L2TP – Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
– SSTP – Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol
– MITM – Man-in-the-Middle
– OAuth – Open Authorization
– OTP – One-Time Password
– TOPT – Time-Based One-Time Password
– OWASP – Open Web Application Security Project
– PPTP – Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
– RSA – Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (um algoritmo de criptografia assimétrica)
– RMM – Remote Monitoring and Management
– SAML – Security Assertion Markup Language
– SOC – Security Operations Center
– SIEM – Security Information and Event Management
– SQLi – SQL Injection
– SSO – Single Sign-On
– U2F – Universal 2nd Factor
– VCN – Virtual Cloud Network
– VPC – Virtual Private Cloud
– VPN – Virtual Private Network
– VPS – Virtual Private Server
– WAF – Web Application Firewall
– WEP – Wired Equivalent Privacy
– WPA, WPA2 e WPA3 – Wi-Fi Protected Access, version 2 e version 3
– XSS – Cross-Site Scripting
– ZTNA – Zero Trust Network Access

6. Tecnologias e conceitos relacionados a programação

– AJAX – Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
– API – Application Programming Interface
– CRUD – Create, Read, Update, Delete
– CSS – Cascading Style Sheets
– HTML – Hypertext Markup Language
– HTML5 – Hypertext Markup Language version 5
– IDE – Integrated Development Environment
– GIT – Global Information Tracker
– JDK – Java Development Kit
– JS – JavaScript
– JSON – JavaScript Object Notation
– JWT – JSON Web Token
– JVM – Java Virtual Machine
– ML – Machine Learning
– OOP – Object-Oriented Programming
– PHP – Hypertext Preprocessor (originally, Personal Home Page)
– PUK – Personal Unblocking Key
– SDK – Software Development Kit
– SOLID – Single Responsibility, Open-Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, Dependency Inversion
– STS – Security Token Service
– UML – Unified Modeling Language
– XML – Extensible Markup Language
– XML-RPC – XML Remote Procedure Call
– YAML – Yet Another Markup Language or YAML Ain’t Markup Language

7. Tecnologias e conceitos relacionados a dados e sistemas

– APFS – Apple File System
– ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange
– BKP – Back-up
– CMS – Content Management System
– CRM – Customer Relationship Management
– CQRS – Command Query Responsibility Segregation
– DBMS – Database Management Systems
– DDL – Data Definition Language
– DER – Diagrama de Entidade Relacionamento
– DML – Data Manipulation Language
– DMS – Document Management System
– GED – Gerenciamento Eletrônico de Documentos
– ERP – Enterprise Resource Planning
– ETL – Extract, Transform, Load
– ETL – Entity Recognition, Extraction
– exFAT – Extensible File Allocation Table
– EXT3 / EXT4 – Third / Fourth Extended Filesystem
– FAT16 / FAT32 – File Allocation Table 16 or 32 bits
– GUID – Globally Unique IDentifier
– GPT – GUID Partition Table
– GPT (Chat) – Generative Pre-trained Transformer
– HFS – Hierarchical File System
– LVM – Logical Volume Manager
– LDM – Logical Disk Manager
– LUN – Logical Unit Number
– MBR – Master Boot Record
– MER – Modelo Entidade Relacionamento
– MVC – Model-View-Controller
– NTFS – New Technology File System
– ODBC – Open Database Connectivity
– ODF – Open Document Format
– ORM – Object-Relational Mapping
– RDBMS – Relational Database Management System
– SEO – Search Engine Optimization
– SQL – Structured Query Language
– NoSQL – Not Only SQL
– SOA – Service-Oriented Architecture
– UFS – Unix File System
– ZFS – Zettabyte File System

8. Empresas, entidades, instituições, normas e organizações

– ABNT – Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards)
– AMD – Advanced Micro Devices
– AT&T – American Telephone and Telegraph Company
– CSA – Cloud Services Agreement
– EIA – Electronic Industries Alliance
– GDPR – General Data Protection Regulation
– HP – Hewlett-Packard
– IBM – International Business Machines Corporation
– IANA – Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
– IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
– IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
– IETF – Internet Engineering Task Force
– ITIL – Information Technology Infrastructure Library
– INMETRO – Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia
– ISO – International Organization for Standardization
– LGPD – Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados
– MIT – Massachusetts Institute of Technology
– NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration
– NSA – National Security Agency
– NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology
– OSS – Open Source Software
– OSI – Open Systems Interconnection
– RFC – Request for Comments
– SLA – Service Level Agreement
– TIA – Telecommunications Industry Association
– W3C – World Wide Web Consortium

9. Outras classificações gerais como hardware, sistemas, extensões, comandos populares e etc

– ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit
– APK – Android Package Kit
– APT – Advanced Package Tool (apt-get)
– APT – Advanced Persistent Threat
– BASH – Bourne-Again Shell
– BIOS – Basic Input/Output System
– CLI – Command Line Interface
– CMOS – Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
– CPU – Central Processing Unit
– CISC – Complex Instruction Set Computing
– CSV – Comma-Separated Values
– DAT – Digital Audio Tape
– DDR – Double Data Rate (2, 3, 4)
– DLL – Dynamic Link Library
– DPKG – Debian Package Manager
– ELK – Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana
– GNU – GNU’s Not Unix!
– GPG – GNU Privacy Guard
– GPS – Global Positioning System
– GUI – Graphical User Interface
– HDD – Hard Disk Drive
– HDTV – High-Definition Television
– iOS – iPhone Operating System
– I/O ou IN/OUT – Input and Output
– JIT – Just-In-Time Compilation
– KVM – Keyboard, Video and Monitor/Mouse
– KMS – Knowledge Management System
– KMS – Key Management Servers
– LAMP – Linux, Apache, MySQL/MariaDB, PHP
– LTO – Linear Tape-Open
– MP3 – MPEG Audio Layer III
– MPEG – Moving Picture Experts Group
– MS-DOS – Microsoft Disk Operating System
– NFS – Network File System
– NAS – Network Attached Storage
– OS – Operating System
– OVF – Open Virtualization Format
– PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect
– PCIe – PCI Express
– PDA – Personal Digital Assistant
– PDF – Portable Document Format
– PNG – Portable Network Graphics
– RAID – Redundant Array of Independent Disks
– RAM – Random Access Memory
– RISC – Reduced Instruction Set Computer
– ROM – Read-Only Memory
– RPM – Red Hat Package Manager
– SBC – Single-Board Computer
– SAS – Serial Attached SCSI
– SATA – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
– SCSI – Small Computer System Interface
– SSD – Solid State Drive
– YUM – Yellowdog Updater, Modified

10. Outros conceitos e padrões gerais de tecnologia

– AI – Artificial Intelligence
– GenAI – Generative Artificial Intelligence
– APP – Application
– AR – Augmented reality
– AC/DC (Energy) – Alternating Current / Direct Current
– BSD – Berkeley Software Distribution
– BOT – RoBOT
– BYOD – Bring Your Own Device
– BYOL – Bring Your Own License
– CAPEX – Capital Expenditure
– OPEX – Operational Expenditure
– RoI – Return on Investment
– CEO – Chief Executive Officer
– CTO – Chief Technology Officer
– EMU – Emulator
– ESC (Key) – Escape Key
– FN (Key) – Function Key
– ESG – Environmental, Social and Governance
– LED – Light-Emitting Diode
– LLM – Large Language Model
– MVP – Minimum Viable Product
– IT – Information Technology
– ITSM – IT Service Management
– OKR – Objective and Key Results
– OLED – Organic Light-Emitting Diode
– PSN – Playstation Network
– QR (Code) – Quick Response Code
– RPA – Remote Process Automation
– SOHO – Small Office Home Office
– SPLA – Services Provider License Agreement
– SKU – Stock Keeping Unit
– UEFI – Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
– EFI – Extensible Firmware Interface
– UTC – Coordinated Universal Time
– GMT – Greenwich Mean Time
– UI – User Interface
– UX – User Experience
– WWW – World Wide Web
– WYSIWYG – What You See Is What You Get
– XP – eXPerience or eXperience Points

*Curiosidade: comecei a organizar as informações para escrever este post em 2022, quando estava concluindo um intenso trabalho de pesquisa sobre a história da Internet (que você pode conferir neste link), mas só consegui publicar a sua primeira versão em Março de 2024. Desde então foram mais de 60 atualizações (…e contando) com alguma nova inserção.

*Com informações de: NovaInter – Siglas em Tecnologia, Opservices – Dicionario da TI, E-Trust – Principais siglas de tecnologia, GeekFlare – Tech Abbreviations, Expert AI – Glossary of AI Terms.